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PCM means Pulse Coded Modulatuion its one of the modulation technics.

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because the data is sent as a series of digitally coded numeric values.

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It is a type of Pulse modulation as in PPM the position of pulse of carrier pulse train is varied in accordance with the modulating signal.

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The difference between pulse code modulation and delta modulation is that pulse code modulation is a method of encoding audio information digitally while delta modulation is a method that converts analog to digital signal.

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Explain with diagram the technique Pulse-width modulation?

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Actually there are four:

  • width
  • amplitude
  • position
  • code

Of these four pulse code modulation is digital while the other three are analog.

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pulse width modulation is nothing but changing on and off time period of a waveform without changing its frequency

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pulse code modulation method used a telephony.

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Pulse width mod, pulse amplitude mod, pulse position mod, pulse code mod.

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Pulse position modulation offers high noise immunity, efficient use of bandwidth, and easy implementation with digital circuits. This modulation technique is particularly useful in applications requiring high data transmission rates and reliable communication in noisy environments.

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pulse position modulation, used in many RC model aircraft controls.

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There are 3 main types of digital pulse modulation:

  1. Pulse time modulation (PTM), somewhat similar to analog phase modulation.
  2. Pulse width modulation (PWM), the width of the pulse represents the signal.
  3. Pulse code modulation (PCM), serial transmission of binary bits forming numeric or character codes that represent the signal.

All of these can be modulated on an RF carrier using any of the standard modulation techniques: AM, FM, Phase Modulation, etc. One advantage with AM digital pulse modulation techniques over AM analog is that the carrier can be 100% modulated, which cannot be done with analog, thereby allowing significant reductions in transmitter power without loss of coverage range. Sometimes FM digital pulse modulation techniques are referred to as Frequency Shift Keying (FSK). A very complex method of combining Phase Modulation and AM to increase the bit density of digital pulse modulation on an RF carrier is called Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).

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space vector modulation id an algorithm of the control of the control of pulse width modulation

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Analog Pulse modulation is discreet in time but the formation is transmitted in continuous form. In digital pulse modulation, not only the time axis is discreet but the information is also in digital form.

Examples of Analog PM are PAM and PTM i.e pulse amplitude and pulse time modulations respectively.

Examples of Digital PM are PCM and PDM i.e pulse code and pulse delta modulations respectively.

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PPM is a type of pulse modulation where messages are sent using single pulses. PWM is a type of modulation which conforms to the pulse. PAM is a type of modulation in which the information is encoded into a series of pulses.

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carry information as well as to generate other pulse modulations.

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Regenerative Repeater is used for the PCM (Pulse code modulation ) it amplifies the signal because the effect of the channel over the signal .

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Generally pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is trasmitted as a series of DC levels and are mostly used in wired trasmissions (DC is not effective wirelessly).

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There are 3 main types of digital pulse modulation:

  1. Pulse time modulation (PTM), somewhat similar to analog phase modulation.
  2. Pulse width modulation (PWM), the width of the pulse represents the signal.
  3. Pulse code modulation (PCM), serial transmission of binary bits forming numeric or character codes that represent the signal.

All of these can be modulated on an RF carrier using any of the standard modulation techniques: AM, FM, Phase Modulation, etc. One advantage with AM digital pulse modulation techniques over AM analog is that the carrier can be 100% modulated, which cannot be done with analog, thereby allowing significant reductions in transmitter power without loss of coverage range. Sometimes FM digital pulse modulation techniques are referred to as Frequency Shift Keying (FSK). A very complex method of combining Phase Modulation and AM to increase the bit density of digital pulse modulation on an RF carrier is called Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).

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pulse code modulation

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pcm is used in mobile...

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due to space vector modulation we can eliminate the lower order harmonics

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In Pulse Amplitude Modulation, amplitude of pulse varies with signal. Theoretically in analog modulation there infinite levels of amplitudes or continuous amplitude.

Two level PAM is digital modulation where only 2 number of levels are there. Thus signal is quantized to two discrete levels.

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PAM-pulse Amplitude Modulation

It encodes information in the amplitude of a sequence of signal pulses.

PPM-Pulse Position modulation

PWM-Pulse Width Modulation.It results in variation of average waveform.

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In delta modulation, the difference between the current sample and the previous one is quantized and encoded, resulting in a form of delta modulation where only the changes are represented. In differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), the difference between the predicted value and the actual sample is quantized and encoded, allowing for more efficient compression of the signal.

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The width of the pulse in PPM is not important, but is usually very narrow and constant in any given PPM system.

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Pulse-position modulation (PPM) is a form of signal modulation in which M message bits are encoded by transmitting a single pulse in one of 2M possible time-shifts. This is repeated every T seconds, such that the transmitted bit rate is M/T bits per second. It is primarily useful for optical Amplitude_modulation_compared_to_Pulse_position_modulation'systems, where there tends to be little or no multipath interference.

Read more: Amplitude_modulation_compared_to_Pulse_position_modulation'

This answer is lifted from response to "Amplitude modulation compared to Pulse modulation", so the original answerer gets credit for a great answer.

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Frequency modulation, as the name suggests, modulates the carrier by changing the frequency of the signal emitted.

Pulse width modulation, changes the on-time of a square wave, but leaves the frequency of the carrier wave unchanged.

So, in frequency modulation, the frequency will vary between, say, 80kHz and 120kHz with a constant power level, but in pulse width modulation, the frequency will stay at 100kHz, but the on-time (the length of each pulse) will vary, hence the power level will vary accordingly.

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A: FM means frequency Modulation meaning the frequency remain the same. pulse modulation the frequency can vary

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PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)

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PCM is Pulse Code Modulation, a modulation format used for recording audio in video recorders, computers, etc.

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probably

(the carrier frequency +- the maximum frequency of the pulse train)/(the carrier frequency)

but pulses have a lot of harmonics

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1)antenna scanning modulation is time oriented

2)internal modulation of clutter

3)system instability


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It is used for the radio control of model aircraft,boats, cars.

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AM means Amplitude(=height) modulation, so the frequency stays the same and the message is coded into variations of the strength of the signal.

FM stands for Frequency modulation. Here the strength of the signal stays the same and the message is coded into changes in frequency instead.

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For the Radar Case: The bandwidth of the pulse is the reciprocal of the Pulse Duration (called Pulse Width) as any filtering needs to be able to detection and follow the pulse shape and its edges. The pulse width is the AM modulation to a Fixed Frequency Carrier Frequency and the AM modulation will be greater bandwidth then the Carrier Frequency. As you are attempting to reject receiving other emissions and noise that do not match your own emissions such that your receiver is "match filtered" to your emissions, your receiver bandwidth will be at least the reciprocal of the pulse width but is lightly to be a smaller bandwidth then the reciprocal of the pulse width.

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as many as there are ways to place points on a line segment

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Pulse code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent analog signals by sampling the signal at regular intervals and quantizing the amplitude value to a specific number of bits. This allows for the accurate reproduction of the original analog signal for transmission and storage.

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PPM (Pulse Position Modulation) is a type of digital modulation where the position of a pulse conveys the information. FM (Frequency Modulation) is an analog modulation technique where the frequency of the carrier signal is varied to encode data. PPM is commonly used in digital communication systems, while FM is widely used in broadcasting and audio applications.

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Demodulation

the opposite is Modulation

And when you put them together you get MODEM

Modulation/Demodulation = MODEM

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S. F. A. Ip has written:

'Trellis-coded modulation for voiceband data modems'

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In pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), you send a single pulse of a certain height (amplitude) that represents the value of the sampled signal at that time. With pulse code modulation (PCM), you take the same sampled value, but now represent that value by N bits, where N is the number of quantized regions. Why send a whole bunch of bits instead of just a single pulse? Because PCM performs better in situations of higher noise (AWGN).

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delta modulation refers to the procedure of encoding and thereby transmitting only the difference between consecutive samples instead of sending each of the samples themselves. This method is useful only when the vaiation in the amplitude of the signal is small, otherwise, it leads to a phenomenon called "slope overload".

Pulse code modulation is the procedure where each of the levels of an analog signal is assigned a value closest ro a quantizer level used to quantize the signal...


Another method of PCM that can be confused with Delta Modulation is the D(ifferential)PCM. Here, the difference between the signals is encoded based on its magnitude..

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when the bit rate increases bandwidth increases.

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